The distance between the exterior and the core frames is spanned with beams or trusses and can be column-free. Interior columns are comparatively few and located at the core. This exterior framing is designed sufficiently strong to resist all lateral loads on the building, thereby allowing the interior of the building to be simply framed for gravity loads. This assembly of columns and beams forms a rigid frame that amounts to a dense and strong structural wall along the exterior of the building. In the simplest incarnation of the tube, the perimeter of the exterior consists of closely spaced columns that are tied together with deep spandrel beams through moment connections. The tube system concept is based on the idea that a building can be designed to resist lateral loads by designing it as a hollow cantilever perpendicular to the ground. Most buildings of over 40 stories built since the 1960s are of this structural type. It can be used for office, apartment, and mixed-use buildings. The system can be built using steel, concrete, or composite construction (the discrete use of both steel and concrete). The first example of the tube's use is the 43-story Khan-designed DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building, since renamed Plaza on DeWitt, in Chicago, Illinois, finished in 1966. This system was introduced by Fazlur Rahman Khan while at the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), in their Chicago office. In structural engineering, the tube is a system where, to resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, impact), a building is designed to act like a hollow cylinder, cantilevered perpendicular to the ground. John Hancock Center in Chicago, designed in 1965 and finished in 1969, is an example of the trussed tube structural design
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